System for emergency response alerts and notification

ABSTRACT

A real-time application-based cellular system with real-time GPS positioning to notify civilian drivers of the proximity of emergency services vehicles in sufficient time to allow appropriate response. Civilian users receive alerts and information on their personal computing devices, including, but not limited to, tablets and smart phones. No addition or special hardware is required. Only drivers in a moving vehicle with a certain proximity are directly and selectively notified. The system also is able to send other additional customized warning signals to citizens in threatening situations in a non-vehicular context.

This application claims benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional App.No. 62/974,989, entitled “SHIELD app—Silent Handheld Instant EmergencyaLert Device app,” filed Jan. 8, 2020, by George William Robertson, IIand William Parker Robertson. U.S. Provisional App. No. 62/974,989 isincorporated herein in its entirety by specific reference for allpurposes.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates to a system and methods for creating andproviding emergency response alerts and notifications in real time todrivers and individuals based upon their location and other relatedfactors.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

Historically, emergency services (ES) personnel and vehicles, including,but not limited to, police cars, ambulances, and firetrucks, have had atleast an adequate ability to notify other vehicles of their approachduring emergency situations, such as by lights and/or sirens or horns.This type of notifications is adequate when the roads were less crowded,most civilian vehicles were driving more slowly, and the civilianvehicles themselves were less enclosed with no substantial competinginternal sound systems and were not engineered for sound dampening.

More recently, roads have gotten more crowded, speeds have increased,vehicles have become substantially soundproofed, and drivers arelistening to other competing sounds sources (e.g., high definitionstereo music). Improvements on the ES vehicles have been brighter LEDlights and increased decibels of sirens, but these have not overcome theabove issues.

The prior art has proposed various solutions, but these generallyrequire cumbersome, additional hardware be added to vehicles or tospecific locations, such as road intersections, and have not beenimplemented successfully. Prior art systems include U.S. Pat. No.4,075,624 (electronic siren with variation in pitch), U.S. Pat. No.5,497,148 (requires use of radar detectors), U.S. Pat. No. 7,099,776(requires installation of specific hardware), U.S. Pat. No. 7,236,101(emergency vehicle alert system required dedicated digital UHFtransmitter and receiver units), U.S. Pat. No. 9,254,781 (emergencyvehicle device providing alert at upcoming intersection), U.S. Pat. No.10,147,318 (emergency vehicle system with transponder and receiver); USPat App. No. 20040233067 (acoustic siren detector that captures outsideaudible high-pitched siren sound), and US Pat. App. No. 20110187559(receivers installed at specific intersections to alert pedestrians);all of which are incorporated herein by specific reference for allpurposes. Among other issues, the average citizen does not want toobtain and mount a new device in his or her vehicle.

Accordingly, there is a need for an improved system to providenotifications, alerts and information from first responders and other ESpersonnel during an emergency event to civilian drivers and otherindividuals that overcomes the issues discussed above.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

In various exemplary embodiments, this invention comprises acomputer-based system and application for creating and providingemergency response notifications in real time to drivers and individualsbased upon their location and related factors. The system receivesalerts and related emergency response information from a first responderusing a computing device, including, but not limited to, a mobilecomputing device such as a tablet or smart phone, and then automaticallycreates and transmits alerts and related emergency response messages andinformation to a selected set of civilian users (i.e., non-emergencyresponse personnel) through each users' computing device, including, butnot limited to, a mobile computing device such as a tablet or smartphone.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system providing a moving ES vehicle alert inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a system providing various emergency event alertsand instructions in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a start screen for a first responder userapplication in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a bullhorn alert screen with inactive status.

FIG. 5 shows an example of an alert creation screen.

FIG. 6 shows an example of an alert location setting map screen.

FIG. 7 shows an example of a start screen for a civilian userapplication.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a sign-in screen.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a nearby map screen.

FIG. 10 shows an example of an alert screen.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a nearby map screen with an active alert.

FIG. 12 shows a diagram of the AWS architecture for an embodiment of thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

In various exemplary embodiments, the present invention comprises acomputer-based system and application for creating and providingemergency response notifications in real time to drivers and individualsbased upon their location and related factors. The system receivesalerts and related emergency response information from a first responderusing a computing device, including, but not limited to, a mobilecomputing device such as a tablet or smart phone, and then automaticallycreates and transmits alerts and related emergency response messages andinformation to a selected set of civilian users (i.e., non-emergencyresponse personnel) through each users computing device, including, butnot limited to, a mobile computing device such as a tablet or smartphone. The system comprises one or more computer servers operating on anetwork, such as, but not limited to, the Internet, and in electroniccommunication with multiple users through a client program orapplication running on various user computing devices, including, butnot limited to, a personal computer, laptop, smart phone, tablet, ormobile computing device. The client applications and used to createalerts, transmit and receive data from the servers, and display data andrelated communications. The server or servers are responsible forprocessing all of the data, creating any automatic messages, andreceiving and communicating with the various users.

Client applications are designed for and run on the appropriateoperating system for user mobile devices (e.g., iOS or Android). Theclient applications are responsible for authorizing and authenticatingusers as well as communicating with the server API. One or moredatabases also are in electronic communication with the main systemserver or servers. The database contains various data about memberusers, as detailed below.

The user or client applications may be available for download andinstallation through the typical app stores available through computingdevices or online, and may be installed and implemented on any cellularor Internet-enabled computing device, or otherwise capable of wirelesscommunications. The civilian client application in some embodiments hasa security/priority level sufficient to bypass the inactivation signalthat some cellular smart phones or other devices initiate when the useris in motion (i.e., driving).

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Inseveral exemplary embodiments, all ES or First Responder (FR) vehicles10 in the system are equipped with a transmitting GPS-cellular unit,which uses cellular or wireless communications and networks (e.g., GSM,CDMA, LTE, 5G, or the like). The ES unit sends an “always on” signal 12via a local cellular tower 20 to the system servers 30 when activatedduring emergencies by ES personnel. This is in addition to the vehicle'snormal lights and sirens. The system then tracks in real-time thelocation of the ES/FR vehicle 10. The transmitting GPS-cellular unit inone configuration requires no additional storage, lights, cameras, apps,or other functions, and thus can be small in size. This allows thetransmitting unit to be smaller than other transmitting units known inthe prior art. In some embodiments, the GPS-cellular unit is handheldfor easy transportation by the ES personnel from vehicle to vehicle, ifdesired. The signal also may be a radio signal sent directly to areceiving unit (such as a unit in a civilian vehicle).

The “always on” alert signal 12 is received by local towers 20 or acellular-satellite device of one or more cellular carrier, and thentransmitted 22 via network, such as the Internet, to one or morecomputer servers 30 for the system. The system server(s) 30 processesthe GPS location data for the ES/FR vehicle in real time, and in realtime, determines a subset of civilian users 40 to which to sendinformation or signals 24, 42 regarding the alert signal and emergencyevent. The civilian users 40 use a civilian application program inaccordance with the present invention on corresponding civiliancomputing devices. Basic user data is stored in the database, and thesystem uses this information to obtain and determine the real-time GPSlocation and movement of the users and user computing devices. Forexample, if a user in in motion at greater than 5 mph (or some otherspeed threshold), and is within a pre-determined distance (e.g., 0.1mile, 0.2 mile, 0.25 mile, 0.5 mile, 1.0 mile, or other distance) of thetraveling ES vehicle, their mobile device application would receive analert notification. If a user within the pre-determined distance ismoving more slowly or is stationary, no alert notification would be sent(as the user presumably would not be in a moving vehicle).

Various other criteria for determining a subset of user civilian users40 may be used, separately or in combination. Several such criteria arediscussed herein, but other selection or determination criteria arecontemplated.

Further, some or all of the determination as to whether to display analert, notification, or message to a particular user may be made atvarious levels in the system. As described above, for example, thedetermination can be made at the server level, wherein the emergencyinformation is not sent to all users, but a smaller sub-set of theusers. Alternatively, the emergency information could be sent to allusers, and then the user device application makes a determination basedupon locally-stored information (such as recent GPS movement history, orcurrent location) to determine whether to display some or all of theinformation (in the form of an alert, notification, or message) on theuser device for the user. In several embodiments, a combination may beused: the system server may send the emergency information to all usersin a specific geographic location based upon the real-time location ofthe ES vehicle, thereby limiting the amount of data being sent by thesystem, and then the user application on the user device makes a furtherdetermination based upon locally-stored information as to whether todisplay some or all of the information. Or, alternatively, the systemmay send the message only to specific cellular towers (or similarcellular transmission devices), such as the first tower through whichthe ES message was received, and/or towers with a certain distance ofthe first tower or proximate or adjacent to the first tower in thenetwork. This includes towers in other cellular networks as well.

The receiving user (e.g., someone driving nearby the location of the ESvehicle) receives the alert, which may be audible and/or visual, ontheir computing device (e.g., smartphone) from the system. This allowstime for the civilian user to take appropriate measures, such as slowingdown, pulling over, and the like. For example, an ES vehicle travellingat 80-90 mph typically can only offer a few seconds of audible warningin today's soundproofed vehicles, if they are heard at all. The presentinvention effectively offers that warning 10 to 20 times earlier to allpotentially affected traffic, with an audible and/or visual signal tothe driver inside the vehicle and thus bypassing the vehicle'ssound-proofing. This helps save thousands of lives, millions of dollarsin injury claims, and billions of dollars in overall damages (with thesecondary effect of decreasing insurance rates), while keeping dedicatedES personnel safer and able to do their jobs with less interruption.

In several embodiments, the ES transmitting unit further comprises oneor more of a microphone or audio receiver to accept voice-to-textrecognition, a keyboard or keypad to accept manual entry of text, and asimple display screen or feedback feature to permit the ES provider tosee and review the exact message that is about to be transmitted (asdescribed below). This message would be transmitted along with the alertsignal discussed above. The ES first responder would create a textand/or audio message with specific information and instructions thatwould help explain the situation or provide more information and helpfulinstructions to civilians, such as the direct, speed, and type of theapproaching ES vehicle, and/or information about the emergencysituation.

In some embodiments, the system itself may automatically create a textand/or audio message that is transmitted along with the alert signalbased on information obtained from the ES vehicle and/or firstresponder.

In further embodiments, alerts and other emergency information,including instructions 112, can be sent from ES personnel 110 tocivilian users of the system outside of the traveling ES vehicle contextdescribed above. For example, as seen in FIG. 2 , the alert andemergency information 112 could be sent 140 to sub-sets of users for avariety of emergencies, such as, but not limited to, apartment orbuilding fires 142, roadway accidents 144, gas leaks, jailbreaks orarmed suspects on the loose 146, and localized missing child or Amberalerts 148 where time is of the essence. The ES personnel would use thefirst responder form of the application (as seen in FIGS. 3-6 ) tocreate 202 an appropriate alert and/or message 204, with or withoutinstructions. The message and/or instructions 204, and the affectedlocation 206, would then be transmitted to the system, and then to theappropriate sub-set of civilian users (e.g., all users within a certaindistance of the location of the emergency event, all users in cityblock, all users in a building, all users at a particular address, andso on). The ES personnel could later send a message to clear the alert208 when appropriate.

FIGS. 7-11 shows examples of a civilian user application being used toreceive and display alert information and messages. FIG. 7 shows a loginscreen, FIG. 8 shows an example of a sign-in screen, FIG. 9 shows anexample of a nearby map screen, FIG. 10 shows an example of an alertscreen received by a civilian users, and FIG. 11 shows an example of anearby map screen with an active alert.

While the above embodiments are discussed in the context of a systemwith central servers with remote computing devices, such as cell phones,tablets, or other mobile computing devices, in some embodiments thecivilian user may be provided with an independent cellular receivingdevice containing the civilian application program. This would permitcivilians who do not use smart phones or similar mobile computingdevices to participate in the system. In additional embodiments, thecommunication is directly from the ES vehicle to the civilian users,such as, but not limited to, a radio signal sent to a receiving unit.

Accordingly, the present invention combines real-time app-based cellulartechnology with real-time GPS positioning to notify civilian drivers toallow them to respond to the presence of emergency vehicles in a muchquicker fashion by notifying them with ample time to be on the lookoutand to move out of the way of such vehicles. With this ease ofimplementation due to the installed mobile device app format, noadditional receiving hardware issues will exist for most citizens.Unlike prior art systems, the present invention directly and selectivelynotify only drivers in a moving vehicle within a certain proximity toemergency vehicles when necessary. At the same time, the system selectsout hundreds of other bystanders that need not be bothered with theemergency notification. All of this is under the direct control of theappropriate first responder, police officer, firefighter, or paramedic.The system thus offers an easily-integrated emergency response systemdesigned to notify drivers from inside their own vehicles when anemergency vehicle is fast approaching, and also is able to send otheradditional customized warning signals to citizens in threateningsituations.

FIG. 12 shows a diagram of an AWS (Amazon Web Services) architecture 300for an application in accordance with the present invention. Thearchitecture ensures the security and scalability of the application,and ensures the protection of all personally identification (PII),particularly for the first-responder (FR) users.

The system authentication service 302, such as, but not limited to,Amazon Cognito, provides for authentication and storage of PII. Theservice should be a simple and secure user sign-in and access controlservice that can scale to millions of users. Storing all PII within theservice inherits the service's comprehensive compliance controls, andreduces maintenance time and costs. The service should supportmulti-factor authentication (MFA) so that users are required to presenttwo pieces of evidence for authentication: evidence (something only theuser knows) and possession (something only the user has). MFA knowledgecan be, for example, a user password. MFA possession can be, forexample, a SMS text message to the user's phone or the use of atime-based one-time password (TOTP).

The authentication service uses encryption of data-at-rest as well asfor data-in-transit. In an exemplary embodiment, all requests to thesystem's service must be made over Transport Layer Security (TLS)protocol, and support TLS 1.0 or later. The service may require clientsto support cipher suites with perfect forward secrecy (PFS), such as,but not limited to, Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE), or Elliptical CurveEphemeral Diffie-Hellman (ECDHE).

The system's Identity and Access Management (IAM) service 304 providesstrong access control to the system's authentication service and otherAWS services. IAM Users and Group are created to allow less privilegedaccess for most system AWS users. Few system AWS users need full accessto the authentication service, and the IAM service is used to controladministrative user access to the authentication service. The IAMservice allows fine-grained access control to each system and/or AWSservice, and in one embodiment is configured to required MFA to accessthe system AWS Management Console and AWS Application ProgrammingInterfaces (APIs). AWS best practices are followed for the AWS RootAccount.

PII is stored only behind or in the authentication service database.Other user application information can be stored in a database with auser id field that corresponds to a user in the authentication servicedatabase. Non-PII application data is queried without the need to queryPII information. The authentication service user pools provide a secureuser directory that can scale to hundreds of millions of users. Thedirectory includes standard attributes (e.g., address, email, name,phone number) as well as a number of custom attributes to store userinformation specifically required for the application (e.g., department,role).

The application is intended for use in multiple communities. In atypical scenario, a local organization enrolls to serve as a provider ofemergency alerts and public service information. End users such ascitizen and consumers (CR users) in the same geographic area cansubscribe to that information. CR users are able to self-register bysimply downloading a CR application to their computing device. Ingeneral, all CR users have (or can have) the same rights in the system(i.e., CR users can all see and do the same things). FR users, incontrast, are expected to and typically belong to one of theorganizations that acts as a provider of emergency alerts and the publicservice and emergency event information and data described above, whichin turn are provided to CR users. FR user rights are based on theirmembership in one of those organizations.

Accordingly, FR users belong to a multi-tenant system (or a multi-tenantpart of the system), while CR users do not. The application architecturetakes this complexity into account for FR users. In particular, itaddresses authentication (i.e., who the FR user is, and how do theyprove it) and authorization (i.e., what the FR user is allowed to seeand do).

With regard to authentication, in one embodiment, the architectureassumes each FR user belongs to exactly one FR organization (inalternative embodiments, an FR user may belong to multiple FRorganizations, so that a single FR user account has a combination ofauthentication processes and authorizations, or may have multiple FRuser accounts, with each account tied to a particular FR organization,requiring the FR user to log into particular accounts to carry outdifferent things, depending on their role at the time). The FRorganization is the authority over who is and who is not a member.Although all FR users log into the same system application, there may bemany real-world organizational units involved in determining appropriateaccess to the system. Access patterns include, but are not limited to,the following:

Federated: In a federated model, FR Organizations act as the directidentity providers for their FR Users. Network services allow outsidesystems to authenticate users on-demand using standard protocols (suchas LDAP and SAML).

Centralized: In a centralized model, the system itself is responsiblefor managing, authenticating, and authorizing all users. This approachis simpler to implement and maintain in the sense that it does notrequire coordination with other groups in order to configure and test.In addition, having a single access protocol simplifies operation anddesign of the application

Hybrid: In a hybrid model, organizations can choose to act as identityproviders but can also opt for the system's identity management servicesinstead.

The architecture shown supports all three models. While any of the aboveaccess models can be used, in one embodiment the system primarily usescentralized access, with a pathway to a hybrid system if needed. If anFR organization wishes to retain direct control over user managementservices, the system can be adapted to this usage without a fundamentalchange in architecture.

Authorization concerns what users are allowed to do and, moreparticularly, what they are not allowed to do within the system. In thepresent application, a multi-tenant application, the tenant entities(i.e., FR organizations) serve as “scopes” of their users' authority. Inthis arrangement, each tenant can “own” certain entities in the domain.The system enforces rules that may restrict access to entities based ontheir ownership, creating the notion of a private or controlled area.Some parts of the application domain are global, meaning that they areshared across organizations. In the present application, this includesthe ability to read information posted for public use, which effectivelyanyone can do. That is, CR users can read this information, and anyonecan register as a CR user.

Restrictions arise in two cases. The first is writing public informationassociated with an organization. When an organization publishesinformation, it is identified as the authority behind that information.The present system acts as an intermediary between organizations and CRusers, but it does not present itself as the originator of the messages.When presenting emergency alerts in particular, identifying theprovenance of the message is critical to maintaining trust in thesystem. As such, it is critical that the system ensures eachorganization's exclusive access to write records that will be associatedwith its name.

The second is reading or writing private information associated with anorganization. Organizations may wish to manage some information in thesystem that is not intended for any outside readers. For example, an FRorganization may want to support the creation of alert messages that areintended only for its staff members. Such alerts would be neitherreadable nor writable to users outside of the organization. In someembodiments, the present system includes such capabilities supported bythe same underlying permissions model described herein.

Scalability and High Availability (HA) are core attributes of thesystem's architecture. The scalability of the architecture is based onutilizing fully managed services that are designed to scale based ondemand at an enterprise level. These fully managed services also provideHA to maximize the uptime of the infrastructure. HA is used to describea system that is fault-tolerant, highly dependable, and operates withouta single point of failure. In several embodiments, the system runs codewithout provisioning or managing servers (i.e., using a serverlesscompute service).

The system also uses AWS Regions 320, which are large and widelydispersed into separate geographic locations. Each Region has multiple,isolated locations known as Availability Zones (AZs) 322. AZs areisolated from failure of other AZs within a Region. In severalembodiments, applications are deployed across multiple AZs to ensure ifone AZ has a failure that the application continues to function.

The API Gateway 330 handles all the tasks involved in accepting andprocessing up to hundreds of thousands of concurrent API calls,including traffic management, CORS support, authorization and accesscontrol, throttling, monitoring, and API version management. It providesend users with the lowest possible latency for API requests andresponses by taking advantage of AWS's global network of edge locationsusing Amazon CloudFront 340. API Gateway WebSocket API providesreal-time two-way communication with a persistent connection to handlemessage transfer between the system application and end users.

In order to provide a context for the various computer-implementedaspects of the invention, the following discussion provides a brief,general description of a suitable computing environment in which thevarious aspects of the present invention may be implemented. A computingsystem environment is one example of a suitable computing environment,but is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use orfunctionality of the invention. A computing environment may contain anyone or combination of components discussed below, and may containadditional components, or some of the illustrated components may beabsent. Various embodiments of the invention are operational withnumerous general purpose or special purpose computing systems,environments or configurations. Examples of computing systems,environments, or configurations that may be suitable for use withvarious embodiments of the invention include, but are not limited to,personal computers, laptop computers, computer servers, computernotebooks, hand-held devices, mobile computing devices,microprocessor-based systems, multiprocessor systems, TV set-top boxesand devices, programmable consumer electronics, cell phones, personaldigital assistants (PDAs), tablets, smart phones, mobile phones, modularphones, touch screen devices, smart TV, TVs, internet-enabledappliances, internet-enabled security systems, internet-enabled gamingsystems, internet-enabled watches; internet-enabled cars (ortransportation), network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers,embedded systems, virtual systems, distributed computing environments,streaming environments, volatile environments, and the like.

Embodiments of the invention may be implemented in the form ofcomputer-executable instructions, such as program code or programmodules, being executed by a computer, virtual computer, or computingdevice. Program code or modules may include programs, objects,components, data elements and structures, routines, subroutines,functions and the like. These are used to perform or implementparticular tasks or functions. Embodiments of the invention also may beimplemented in distributed computing environments. In such environments,tasks are performed by remote processing devices (e.g., “cloudcomputing”) linked via a communications network or other datatransmission medium, and data and program code or modules may be locatedin both local and remote computer storage media including memory storagedevices such as, but not limited to, hard drives, solid state drives(SSD), flash drives, USB drives, optical drives, and internet-basedstorage (e.g., “cloud” storage).

In one embodiment, a computer system or computing system environmentcomprises multiple client devices in communication with one or moreserver devices through or over a network, although in some cases noserver device is used. In various embodiments, the network may comprisethe Internet, an intranet, Wide Area Network (WAN), or Local AreaNetwork (LAN). It should be noted that many of the methods of thepresent invention are operable within a single computing device.

A client device may be any type of processor-based platform that isconnected to a network and that interacts with one or more applicationprograms. A client device may comprise a computer-readable medium in theform of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory(ROM) and random access memory (RAM) in communication with a processor.The processor executes computer-executable program instructions storedin memory. Examples of such processors include, but are not limited to,microprocessors, ASICs, and the like.

Client devices may further comprise computer-readable media incommunication with the processor, said media storing program code,modules and instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause theprocessor to execute the program and perform the steps described herein.Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessedby computer or computing device and includes both volatile andnonvolatile media, and removable and non-removable media.Computer-readable media may further comprise computer storage media andcommunication media. Computer storage media comprises media for storageof information, such as computer readable instructions, data, datastructures, or program code or modules. Examples of computer-readablemedia include, but are not limited to, any electronic, optical,magnetic, or other storage or transmission device, a floppy disk, harddisk drive, CD-ROM, DVD, magnetic disk, memory chip, ROM, RAM, EEPROM,flash memory or other memory technology, an ASIC, a configuredprocessor, CD-ROM, DVD or other optical disk storage, magneticcassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magneticstorage devices, or any other medium from which a computer processor canread instructions or that can store desired information. Communicationmedia comprises media that may transmit or carry instructions to acomputer, including, but not limited to, a router, private or publicnetwork, wired network, direct wired connection, wireless network, otherwireless media (such as acoustic, RF, infrared, or the like) or othertransmission device or channel. This may include computer readableinstructions, data structures, program modules or other data in amodulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transportmechanism. Said transmission may be wired, wireless, or both.Combinations of any of the above should also be included within thescope of computer readable media. The instructions may comprise codefrom any computer-programming language, including, for example, C, C++,C#, Visual Basic, Java, and the like.

Components of a general purpose client or computing device may furtherinclude a system bus that connects various system components, includingthe memory and processor. A system bus may be any of several types ofbus structures, including, but not limited to, a memory bus or memorycontroller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofbus architectures. Such architectures include, but are not limited to,Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture(MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics StandardsAssociation (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnect(PCI) bus.

Computing and client devices also may include a basic input/outputsystem (BIOS), which contains the basic routines that help to transferinformation between elements within a computer, such as during start-up.BIOS typically is stored in ROM. In contrast, RAM typically containsdata or program code or modules that are accessible to or presentlybeing operated on by processor, such as, but not limited to, theoperating system, application program, and data. Client devices also maycomprise a variety of other internal or external components, such as amonitor or display, a keyboard, a mouse, a trackball, a pointing device,touch pad, microphone, joystick, satellite dish, scanner, a disk drive,a CD-ROM or DVD drive, or other input or output devices. These and otherdevices are typically connected to the processor through a user inputinterface coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by otherinterface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, serial port, gameport or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor or other type of displaydevice is typically connected to the system bus via a video interface.In addition to the monitor, client devices may also include otherperipheral output devices such as speakers and printer, which may beconnected through an output peripheral interface.

Client devices may operate on any operating system capable of supportingan application of the type disclosed herein. Client devices also maysupport a browser or browser-enabled application. Examples of clientdevices include, but are not limited to, personal computers, laptopcomputers, mobile computing devices, personal digital assistants,computer notebooks, hand-held devices, cellular phones, mobile phones,modular phones, smart phones, pagers, digital tablets, Internetappliances, and other processor-based devices. Users may communicatewith each other, and with other systems, networks, and devices, over thenetwork through the respective client devices.

Thus, it should be understood that the embodiments and examplesdescribed herein have been chosen and described in order to bestillustrate the principles of the invention and its practicalapplications to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to bestutilize the invention in various embodiments and with variousmodifications as are suited for particular uses contemplated. Eventhough specific embodiments of this invention have been described, theyare not to be taken as exhaustive. There are several variations thatwill be apparent to those skilled in the art.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for identifying the presence of anemergency vehicle, comprising: an emergency response device inelectronic communication with a network; and a central server inelectronic communication with a network, said central server comprisingone or more microprocessors or processors operatively coupled to amemory, said memory operable to store at least one program, saidprogram, when executed by said one or more microprocessors orprocessors, causing the one or more microprocessors or processors to:(i) receive, at a first time, from the emergency response device anemergency status signal indicating that an emergency exists; (ii)determine the location of the emergency response device at said firsttime; (iii) determine, from a plurality of civilian mobile computingdevices in electronic communication with said network, a sub-set of saidplurality of civilian mobile computing devices that are located within apre-determined distance of the location of the emergency response deviceat said first time; (iv) automatically generate an alert message relatedto the emergency response device; and (v) automatically transmit thealert message to the sub-set of said plurality of civilian mobilecomputing devices in real time, thereby alerting users of said pluralityof civilian mobile computing devices of the presence of an emergencyresponse vehicle within the pre-determined distance; (vi) while theemergency continues to exist: (a) determine an updated location of theemergency response device at a subsequent time; (b) update the sub-setof said plurality of civilian mobile computing devices that are locatedwithin a pre-determined distance of the updated location of theemergency response device; and (c) automatically transmit the alertmessage to the updated sub-set of said plurality of civilian mobilecomputing devices in real time; (vii) receive a signal indicating thatthe emergency has been resolved; (viii) automatically generate an alertresolution message indicating that the emergency has been resolved; and(ix) automatically transmit the alert resolution message to the mostrecent updated sub-set of said plurality of civilian mobile computingdevices in real time.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the emergencyresponse device is located in an emergency response vehicle.
 3. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the sub-set of said plurality of civilianmobile computing devices is limited to civilian mobile computing devicesthat are in a vehicle or that are travelling above a pre-set speed. 4.The system of claim 1, wherein the sub-set of said plurality of civilianmobile computing devices excludes civilian mobile computing deviceslocated in a house, office, or building.
 5. The system of claim 1,wherein the alert message comprises an audible alert providinginformation about the emergency vehicle, said information comprisingdirection of travel of the emergency vehicle, speed of the emergencyvehicle, and the type of emergency vehicle.
 6. The system of claim 1,wherein the alert message is audible.
 7. The system of claim 1, furthercausing the one or more microprocessors or processors to: receiveemergency event instructions in text form from the emergency responsedevice; automatically transmit the emergency event instructions in textform to the updated sub-set of said plurality of civilian mobilecomputing devices in real time.
 8. A system for transmittinginstructions during an emergency event, comprising: an emergencyresponse device in electronic communication with a network; and acentral server in electronic communication with a network, said centralserver comprising one or more microprocessors or processors operativelycoupled to a memory, said memory operable to store at least one program,said program, when executed by said one or more microprocessors orprocessors, causing the one or more microprocessors or processors to:(i) receive, from the emergency response device, a set of emergencyevent instructions relating to an emergency event in text form at afirst time; (ii) determine the location of the emergency response deviceat said first time; (iii) determine, from a plurality of civilian mobilecomputing devices in electronic communication with said network, asub-set of said plurality of civilian mobile computing devices that arelocated within a first specified location at said first time; (iv)automatically generate an alert message comprising the set of emergencyevent instructions; and (v) automatically transmit the alert message tothe sub-set of said plurality of civilian mobile computing devices inreal time; (vi) while the emergency event continues to exist: (a) updatethe sub-set of said plurality of civilian mobile computing devices thatare located within a subsequent specific location; and (b) automaticallytransmit the alert message to the updated sub-set of said plurality ofcivilian mobile computing devices in real time; (vii) receive a signalindicating that the emergency event has been resolved; (viii)automatically generate an alert resolution message indicating that theemergency event has been resolved; and (ix) automatically transmit thealert resolution message to the most recent updated sub-set of saidplurality of civilian mobile computing devices in real time.
 9. Thesystem of claim 8, wherein the alert message is transmitted in textform.
 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the specified location iswithin a pre-determined distance of the location of the emergencyresponse device.
 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the specifiedlocation is a pre-defined geographic or geo-fenced area.
 12. The systemof claim 8, wherein the specified location is a specific address orgroup of addresses.
 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the specifiedlocation is a particular building or group of buildings.
 14. The systemof claim 8, wherein the emergency response device is a mobile computingdevice carried by emergency response personnel.
 15. The system of claim8, wherein the emergency event instructions comprise instructionsrelating to traffic or travel.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein thealert message comprises instructions relating to traffic or travel, andthe sub-set of said plurality of civilian mobile computing devices islimited to civilian mobile computing devices that are in a vehicle orthat are travelling above a pre-set speed.